General information
The project consists of a parking in the centre of Zwolle. The parking itself is
innovative because the cars are full automatically parked with the use of
electrical lifts. This concept has already been developed and realised in other
countries and makes it possible to park more cars per m2.
In the north-east of the Netherlands a constructor has developed a new variant of this concept. It is
based on frames and is very easy to expand in height but it is also possible to
have parking places subterranean. This parking is newly developed and the first
to be realised in the Netherlands. The concept of automatically parking cars is
the first of this concept to be placed in the north-east of the Netherlands. The
revolutionary concept is emphasised by the use of a PV system.
The real estate developer is enthusiastic about the project, because the costs of the PV system
are almost equal to the costs of a conventional solution by the use of subsidies
(under the assumption of prices of PV as indicated). The architect is
enthusiastic about the colour and the aesthetic emanation of amorphous silicon.
Site information
Zwolle is a city with a population of app. 100.000 people. As most cities in the
Netherlands in the centre are problems with parking. Especially in this
situation where a large hospital, a school and government buildings are located.
Also people who are visiting the centre of the city Zwolle will need a parking
place. These parking places are scarcely and the parking will contribute to the
number of parking places in Zwolle.
The municipality of Zwolle is enthusiastic about this project and has approved
the plans. Many parking places have already been let out to the staff members of
the hospital.
As mentioned the parking is situated in the centre of Zwolle.
Because of this location many people will see the facade with the PV system and
this will contribute to the knowledge of people of the possibilities of PV.
It
is to be expected that this type of parking will be placed more in the
Netherlands.
The object
The building consist of a parking (360 cars) and an office (6100 m2), which are
integrated. The parking can also be used by the people working in the office.
The office is not provided with PV systems. The parking will have approximately
650 m2 of PV modules at the southwest and southeast oriented façade facing at
the street for local citizens. The total peak power will be about 30 kW and the
yearly energy production is calculated to 15-20 MWh. It is expected that this
amount of energy will provide 100% of the parking's electricity consumption.
For this project is chosen for an amorphous PV system because of the large surface.
An advantage of amorphous is the colour. Because the surface is large the colour
of amorphous silicon is not as striking as multi-crystalline silicon; this is
strongly preferred by the architect. Furthermore, the costs per m2 are lower
compared with crystalline
Frontal view façade element
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Top View
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The choice for PV is logic because the conventional skin of the parking would be glass.
This function can be easily overtaken by PV. The parking also does not need
insolation, which in this case makes PV a logical replacement.
Monitoring of PV production
The project has identified the importance of making the tenants involved in the
operation of the PV project. The energy production from the PV installation will
be monitored. Also data will be presented on a display, located in a place where
people who have parked their cars in the parking will see the display.
Additional information on environmental and energy related issues
The general guidelines for the project can be summarised as follows;
- Efficient use of energy for construction and operation of the buildings
- Reduction in the use of harmful materials
Special care is taken for the electricity consumption of the electric engines
used by the lifts. These engines are energy efficient. Besides from lighting the
parking does not use more energy. The produced electricity of the PV system will
be used in the parking.
Timetable
The construction of parking and office start in June of 2001. The installation
of the PV system will be in fourth quarter of 2001. The total project will be
realised in April 2002.
Budget and financing
The total budget for the PV system of the parking is approximately 313.000 €.
The project is financed by Parking Luttenberg B.V. with subsidies of the
following partners because of the innovative use of PV in this unique concept:
NOVEM 63.500 €
EU-Energie programme 66.000 €
Essent 40.000 €
Parking Luttenberg B.V. 143.500 €
The national subsidy of 63,500€ (or: 140,000 NLG) from Novem has been assigned.
Partners
The project is carried out by the real estate developer Weezenlandstaete and the
energy company Essent. The PV supplier has not yet been selected, as this will
be subject to an open tender.
Contribution to the PV-NORD project
The project will demonstrate how PV can be integrated in a non-residential
inner-city building instead of a conventional skin. PV has an added value -
having both the functions of the normal skin and that of producing energy. In
this case of a parking in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands, the PV system
also has an aesthetic function. It fits very well in the Northern attitude to
work with less striking material, such as the sober looking PV panels based on
amorphous silicon. Also the project will give insight in the use and the
performance of amorphous PV systems in the North of Europe in a vertical facade.
This project PV Parking Zwolle will demonstrate full scale that both for new and
for old buildings the use of PV systems, and in this case amorphous PV systems,
can be considered as an alternative for conventional skills of buildings.
As in Northern countries there is a long tradition in rational building and rational
energy saving, giving two more arguments for the choice of amorphous silicon.
Because most non-residential buildings have large facades, amorphous offers a
good alternative, not only because of the colour (aesthetics) of the panels. The
second reason is the low costs per m2. Even in the façade of a low-cost
building like a parking the economic use is within years in sight.
The third reason is the proclaimed relatively large electricity produced per Wp compared
with crystalline on a facade, aimed at southeast and southwest at 90 degrees. It
is an interesting research contribution of the project to see and measure
whether this is true for a full scale application and to compare the results
with the outcomes of the carefully monitored 10 kWp amorphous façade on the
IKEA office in Sweden.
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